Discrimination of African Americans in Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander, is a book about the discrimination of African Americans in today's society. One of Alexander's main points is the War on Drugs and how young African American males are targeted and arrested due to racial profiling. Racial profiling, discrimination, and segregation is not as popular as it used to be during the Civil War, however, Michelle Alexander digs deeper, revealing the truth about our government and the racial scandal in the prison systems.She writes, â€Å"†¦ in major cities wracked by the drug war, as many as 80 percent of young African American men now have criminal records and are thus subject to legalized discrimination for the rest of their lives. These young men are part of a growing undercaste, permanently locked up and locked out of mainstream society. (Alexander pg. 7)† In our nation today, we hardly think of discrimination as being a big issue, but Alexander shows tha t our prison systems are proof of discrimination.Other studies help support this by saying that, â€Å"African Americans make up 57 percent of the people in state prisons for drug offenses. † This colorblindness has become a part of our daily lives. We can not see how much our nation is affected by racism until we stop and actually listen to those who have fallen victim of being placed in prison due to their skin color. Not only are African Americans racially profiled, they are also punished much worse than Caucasians by being sentenced longer in prisons and losing all of their rights once they are released back into society.As if it is not bad enough, being in prison for many years and having a felon label tattooed on their foreheads, colored people are exiled from everyday life. They can not vote, they can not buy a house, they can not work in many places, they can not have a normal life. They are looked at differently by society in turn putting them in a racial caste syste m, while we go about our lives over looking this mass incarceration. If I were to ask, â€Å"Is racism current in the world today?‘ Many Caucasians would say no, while African Americans would say yes. This is due to the fact that we are all colorblind. The worst part of this mass incarceration is that African Americans who have been placed in prison and are now free have no voice. They are unable to protest against this terrible system because they have no rights. Thus making them go back to their old ways, because it is what they know, therefore creating a cycle of mass incarceration. So how do we as a nation stop this disgusting system?Noel Sheppard, the Associate Editor of NewsBusters, wrote an article on Oprah Winfrey's interview with Will Gompertz from BBC on racism. Sheppard wrote that Oprah's view is that, â€Å"†¦it's older white people that are the problem, and once they die, racism end. † The problem with this is that families keep traditions, and they a re loyal to each other, so if the grandfather is racist then his children are most likely going to be racist, so on and so forth. This is not true for all families, however it is for most.Let us just say those points of view are a generational curse that should be stopped, but that is not the solution to stop the war on drugs and the racism that tags along. Neill Franklin, a Baltimore ex-police officer who is Executive Director of Law Enforcement against Prohibition, asked a question as he was being interviewed with Judith Brown Dianas, Co-Director of the Advancement Project by Roland Martin, â€Å"What part of our current policies of drug prohibition are working? Do we have less crime, less addiction rates, less disease, less overdose rates?†He goes on to say, â€Å"No, none of it is working and the only solution to ending the drug war is to end the prohibition of drugs, that means legalization. † This is a good point, however, then it would be a tax issue on the drug s, and there would be more problems making bills to allow people of a certain age to use them, how much you can and can not have at one time, etc.. and then the whole racism problem would not be stopped, yet again because people are still going to abuse those privileges and African Americans will still be the primary target.The only way to end this issue is step by step. In Michelle Alexander's conclusion, she goes on to say that, â€Å"What we need is an Underground Railroad for people coming out of our prisons to bring them back into society, instead of permanently stigmatizing and marginalizing a whole underclass numbering the millions. † I agree with her. We need to help those who are out of prison due to being victim of mass incarceration become normal, active citizens of the United states. Discrimination of African Americans in Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander, is a book about the discrimination of African Americans in today's society. One of Alexander's main points is the War on Drugs and how young African American males are targeted and arrested due to racial profiling. Racial profiling, discrimination, and segregation is not as popular as it used to be during the Civil War, however, Michelle Alexander digs deeper, revealing the truth about our government and the racial scandal in the prison systems.She writes, â€Å"†¦ in major cities wracked by the drug war, as many as 80 percent of young African American men now have criminal records and are thus subject to legalized discrimination for the rest of their lives. These young men are part of a growing undercaste, permanently locked up and locked out of mainstream society. (Alexander pg. 7)† In our nation today, we hardly think of discrimination as being a big issue, but Alexander shows tha t our prison systems are proof of discrimination.Other studies help support this by saying that, â€Å"African Americans make up 57 percent of the people in state prisons for drug offenses. † This colorblindness has become a part of our daily lives. We can not see how much our nation is affected by racism until we stop and actually listen to those who have fallen victim of being placed in prison due to their skin color. Not only are African Americans racially profiled, they are also punished much worse than Caucasians by being sentenced longer in prisons and losing all of their rights once they are released back into society.As if it is not bad enough, being in prison for many years and having a felon label tattooed on their foreheads, colored people are exiled from everyday life. They can not vote, they can not buy a house, they can not work in many places, they can not have a normal life. They are looked at differently by society in turn putting them in a racial caste syste m, while we go about our lives over looking this mass incarceration. If I were to ask, â€Å"Is racism current in the world today?'Many Caucasians would say no, while African Americans would say yes. This is due to the fact that we are all colorblind. The worst part of this mass incarceration is that African Americans who have been placed in prison and are now free have no voice. They are unable to protest against this terrible system because they have no rights. Thus making them go back to their old ways, because it is what they know, therefore creating a cycle of mass incarceration. So how do we as a nation stop this disgusting system?Noel Sheppard, the Associate Editor of NewsBusters, wrote an article on Oprah Winfrey's interview with Will Gompertz from BBC on racism. Sheppard wrote that Oprah's view is that, â€Å"†¦it's older white people that are the problem, and once they die, racism end. † The problem with this is that families keep traditions, and they are loya l to each other, so if the grandfather is racist then his children are most likely going to be racist, so on and so forth. This is not true for all families, however it is for most.Let us just say those points of view are a generational curse that should be stopped, but that is not the solution to stop the war on drugs and the racism that tags along. Neill Franklin, a Baltimore ex-police officer who is Executive Director of Law Enforcement against Prohibition, asked a question as he was being interviewed with Judith Brown Dianas, Co-Director of the Advancement Project by Roland Martin, â€Å"What part of our current policies of drug prohibition are working? Do we have less crime, less addiction rates, less disease, less overdose rates?†He goes on to say, â€Å"No, none of it is working and the only solution to ending the drug war is to end the prohibition of drugs, that means legalization. † This is a good point, however, then it would be a tax issue on the drugs, and there would be more problems making bills to allow people of a certain age to use them, how much you can and can not have at one time, etc.. and then the whole racism problem would not be stopped, yet again because people are still going to abuse those privileges and African Americans will still be the primary target.The only way to end this issue is step by step. In Michelle Alexander's conclusion, she goes on to say that, â€Å"What we need is an Underground Railroad for people coming out of our prisons to bring them back into society, instead of permanently stigmatizing and marginalizing a whole underclass numbering the millions. † I agree with her. We need to help those who are out of prison due to being victim of mass incarceration become normal, active citizens of the United states.

Preventing Sex Crimes

Running Head: PREVENTION OF SEX RELATED CRIMES Prevention of Sex Related Crimes Against Women Outline I. Primary prevention & health promotion A. Why is it important to nursing ?. Sex crimes against women is an ever increasing problem. A. Rape an increasing problem B. High risk potential victims of rape C. Drugs used for date rape D. Psychiatric patients I?. Various resources are available for primary prevention A. Possible locations for preventive programs to reach target population B. Different types of preventive programs IV. Rape prevention conclusionPrevention of Sex Related Crimes Against Women Health promotion is a type of healthcare service meant to help patients remain healthy by preventing the onset of diseases, lowering the possibility of injuries, and promoting a healthier lifestyle. This service is based on the assumption that if patients participate actively and accept specific lifestyle changes, their chances of suffering from heart attacks, lung cancer, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and other related diseases significantly lowers. The program works as the bond of trust that develops between the healthcare provider and patient.The patient understands how their lifestyle choices affects health and well-being, and works with the healthcare provider to develop healthy habits. Patients benefit from participating in health promotion activities such as health education programs, exercise programs, health fairs, wellness programs at work and school, proper nutrition training, and learning the bases of balancing one’s life. One example of this promotional service is prenatal classes. Expectant mothers are taught good nutritional habits, which benefit both the mother and their baby during the gestational period and after birth.This course increase the likelihood of a normal pregnancy and a healthy baby. Another example of health promotion classes include aerobic exercise and smoking cessation courses focused on the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems (Chitty, 1997). Primary prevention is a type of healthcare service designed to assist patients in reducing already identified risk factors such as heredity. This service requires active participation of the patient and the healthcare providers, targeted at disease specific protection for healthy individuals.Primary prevention programs include periodic health screening, physical examinations, identification of familial and environmental risk factors, community health programs, lifestyle changes to counteract risk factors, occupational safety programs, and environmental safety programs. An example of these programs would be the Denver Development test performed on toddlers and preschoolers during our clinical rotations at Baptist Hospital. Another example is teaching patients the correct way to perform monthly self breast exams for young women with a family history of breast cancer.Primary prevention focuses on preventing risk factors from develo ping, and health promotion focuses on general disease prevention and healthy lifestyles choices (Chitty, 1997). Rape is a violent crime that affects the victim physically, mentally, and emotionally. Potential rape victims include all individuals regardless of age, sex, race, nationality, social status, or economic status. The experience is devastating with usually long term affects of depression, isolation from society, low self esteem, and STDs transmitted from the perpetrator.According to FBI statistical projections every 7 minutes a trenchant rape occurs in the United States; women have a 1 out of 3 chance of becoming a victim of a sexual assault during their life span. Yet, only about 90,000 rapes per year are reported to local authorities. Society in general is unaware with the seriousness of the rape epidemic, since 90% of all rapes are unreported (Nadeau, 1991). Certain behaviors and conditions increases an individual’s risk of becoming a victim of a violent sexual ass ault. Most rape victims are women between the ages of 16 to 19 years-of-age.The second highest incident of rapes occurs in women between the ages of 20-24 years-of-age. Women between 16 to 24 years-old are 4 times more likely to be a victim of a rape ( Holcomb, 1997). According to Malik (1997) 35% of high school students in the United States are victims of some type of physical violence within a dating relationship. Children that are exposed to domestic violence are twice as likely to be part of a violent sexual assault filling the role of victim or aggressor. African-Americans and Hispanic are also more likely to be victims or aggressors then whites or Asian-Americans (Malik, 1997).Other potential risk factor include individuals suffering from mental illness or retardation, their chance of a violent sexual assault are increase usually at the hands of caretakers and strangers. Previous rape victims are also highly vulnerable to a repeated sexual assault, because of a low sexual self -respect and an increase feeling of powerlessness (Scott, 1993). Nurses need to target these high risk individuals to explain the realities and frequency of sexual assaults and if an assault does occur it should be reported to the proper authorities.A growing concern for healthcare providers, and the general population is the increasing availability of drugs used to commit date rapes. These drugs are part of a growing craze among teenagers and young adults as a recreational drug usually combined with alcohol. Rapists are using them in large dosages to incapacitate unsuspecting women by slipping the colorless, odorless, and tasteless drugs into their drinks at social events. The drug mixes immediately with alcohol leaving no signs of alternation to the drink. The victims are lured away from the social gathering to a remote location where they are taking advantage of.The drugs are used by rapist because it completely impairs the victims memory leaving then with no knowledge of what oc curred while under the influence, which last anywhere from 4 to 8 hours. Since the victim is unable to recall the incident, these rape cases are near impossible to prove in court; many times the victims has no description of the perpetrator. The three common rape drugs are Gamma y-hydroxybutyrate, Rohypnol, and Ketamine Hydrochloride and each one has dozens of different street names they are known by.A main concern for healthcare providers are the possible side effects linked to these drugs. The side effects include nausea, vomiting, seizures, memory loss, comas, hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmias, tachycardia, bradycardia, drowsiness, confusion, shock, cardiovascular collapse, muscular rigidity, apnea, etc. These drugs are inexpensive and readily available in our society despite the fact they are outlawed throughout the United States (Lyman, 1998). Nursing practice for victims of sexual assaults needs to be supportive, nonjudgemental, competent, and unbiased.This knowledge of p ractice is especially important to psychiatric nurses because of the association between psychiatric disorders and a history of childhood sexual assaults. Therefore nursing health history documents for psychiatric patients should include questions about possible sexual assaults. Psychiatric nurses must not silence the client or deny the reality of the sexual assault, since this will only revictimize the client; they should initiate discussions using effective listening, empathy, and respect for their client.Patients suffering from a psychiatric disorder with a past history of sexual abuse are prone to depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, self-harm, and sleep disturbance (Gallop, 1998). Primary prevention programs should be readily available for the target population, young women and psychiatric patients at risk of victimization. These programs should be offered at high schools and middle schools by campus officers, advisory counselors, school nurses, brochu res, and administration.Universities are also a good place for prevention programs through counselors, public safety department, health center, health fair, wellness fair, brochures, and administration. Other good sources for prevention are psychiatric care centers, family planning clinic, women’s clinic, medical care centers, church groups, youth groups, after school programs, and community programs. Also, parents should be informed of possible risks of victimization using the above resources; they can be a good resource of information for their kids.If preventive programs are offered by healthcare providers and proper authorities at these and other locations, then the target population would be reached and informed on measures that would reduce their chances of becoming a statistic. Primary prevention for rape is done using different programs which focus on informing the general public especially the target population about the different aspects of rape and what to do if ev er placed in a compromising situation. One program is the RAD system, a self-defense course for women which also covers awareness, risk reduction, prevention, and avoidance.This system is designed to give women a second viable option when their life is in danger, that option is proper self-defense targeting the weak areas of the male body (Nadeau, 1991). Another program targets date rapes and dating violence. This primary prevention program targets the problem of partner violence, diminishing gender stereotypes, anger managements during conflicts between partners, illustrating the women’s right to say no, and possible warning signs to look for before and during a date with an new acquaintance.An increased understanding of date rape concept may reduce its occurrence by helping women perceive a dangerous situation and realize their right to refuse improper actions or proposals (Foshee, 1998). Other prevention programs include a discussion on the danger and reality of date rape drugs. This program covers the effects of the rape drug in the body, the mode of ingestion for the drug, and helpful ideas to avoid becoming a victim of this increasing phenomenon for example.The rape problem will always be a part of society and rapists will continue to try new ways of luring victims in their hands. Victims of sexual assault suffer emotionally, physically, and mentally. Women can decrease their risk of victimization through different primary prevention programs conducted by healthcare providers and proper authorities. References Chitty, K. K. (1997). Professional nursing concepts and challenges. Pennsylvania: W. B. Saunders Company. Foshee, V. A. , Bauman, K. E. , Arriaga, X. B. , Helms, R. W. , Koch, G. G. & Linder, G. F. (1998). An evaluation of safe dates, an adolescent dating violence prevention program. American Journal of Public Health, 88 (1), 45-50. Gallop, R. , Page, G. , McCay, E. , Austin, W. , Bayer, M. , & Peternelj-Taylor, C. (1998). Caring for sexuall y abused clients. Canadian Nurse, 94 (7), 30-34. Holcomb, D. R. , Westhoff, W. W. , & McDermott, R. J. (1997). Teaching idea. Date rape and the high school student: a likely scenario. Journal of Health Education, 28 (5), 308-310. Lyman, S. A. , Hughes-Mclain, C. & Thompson G. (1998). â€Å"Date-rape drugs†: A growing concern. Journal of Health Education, 29 (5), 271-274. Malik, S. , Sorenson, S. B. , & Aneshensal, C. S. (1997). Community and dating violence among adolescents: Perpetration and victimization. Journal of Adolescent Health, 21 (5), 291-302. Nadeau, L. N. (1991). R. A. D. Systems. Virginia: Rape Aggression Defense Systems, INC. Scott, C. S. , Lefley, H. P. , & Hicks, D. (1993). Potential risk factors for rape in three ethnic groups. Community Mental Health Journal, 29 (2), 133-141.

Leadership models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership models - Essay Example In this regard, the paper will endeavor to identify and analyze different characteristics of change models, and will attempt to discuss its advantages and drawbacks as well. In any organization, commitment plays a significant and decisive role in the success of any change process. However, studies indicated that organizations and business experts were unable to give importance to the notion of commitment that is an imperative component in the process. For such purpose, the identified change model has attempted to provide an illustration of the process of creation of commitment. Specifically, this model has provided three phases that are responsible for the development of commitment, and may have a significant impact on any change process in the organization (Burke, 2007). This model suggests that support is very crucial for any change, and thus, the first phase of ‘Inform’ focuses on the formation of basis for expansion of essential support. In specific, inform phase put efforts by providing awareness to individuals that is necessary for alteration in their behavior, a step that allows positive change in the organization. After some awareness, this model brings individuals and organizations into ‘Educate’ phase that involves recognition of the change and its effect that will create an environment encouraging individual decisions in the organization. Thus, advocates of this model argue that it is very imperative for employers to present a positive and efficient outcome of the change that will facilitate all the stakeholders to take their decision in favor of the change during this phase. After stages of information and education, the model has suggested the last phase of ‘commit’ that begins the implementation of change in the organization. In other words, the first two stages are the preparatory phases and the third one can be termed as executive phase (Burke, 2007). In brief, one of the advantages of this system is

Project management report for Zenith Company Inc Essay

Project management report for Zenith Company Inc - Essay Example According to the research findings it can therefore be said that proper project management is important for any project to meet its objective and achieve success. Project management involves in-depth process of planning, execution or implementation, and monitoring and evaluation at every phase of implementation. If it is not a perpetual project, a final stage of project closing is included. The management team at Zenith PM has decided to enhance the current business strategy by introducing a new approach on their core business model to improve business performance and success. This paper will attempt to provide advice to the management of Zenith PM on the current thinking on offsite manufacturing or modern methods of construction, the potential impact of change in direction from a change management perspective on Zenith PM’s existing business strategy focusing on existing organizational and project processes, how a transition might be undertaken using a project management solu tion including an implementation strategy) and explore all risk management issues that may be prevalent. The management team at Zenith PM has decided to have a new approach on their core business model. They have made the decision to incorporate offsite manufacturing with an aim to enter a new niche market (which could give them competitive advantage), stabilize the workforce (to reduce turnover), and improve the financial position of the company (working capital requirements and improved order book). 2. Current thinking on Offsite Manufacturing 2.1 New development Based on the business of Zenith PM, it is apparent that reliance on the traditional manufacturing methods will not put the firm in a competitive advantage particularly given that other firms in the market have embraced advanced technologies boosting their competition and production levels. The management’s decision to adopt offsite manufacturing sounds long overdue but a good measure though challenging to grow firm size, motivate staff, increase production, improve quality, improve client satisfaction, and increase firm turnover. Offsite manufacturing leads to improved project delivery and positively influence the performance of the construction industry by reducing the project’s duration by almost half and increased onsite productivity. Zenith PM should carry out an Analysis of internal and external market forces so that they can have a smooth way forward. Zenith PM can use the business analysis model of SWOT by Albert Humphrey to identify Zenith PM’s strengths and weaknesses, which are internal factors as well as opportunities and threats, the external factors. The company’

The endocrine regulation of metamorphosis in lepidoperons and anurans Essay

The endocrine regulation of metamorphosis in lepidoperons and anurans - Essay Example The order Lepidoptera is considered as being the "second largest order in the class Insecta and includes the butterflies, skippers, and moths. Members of the order are referred to as lepidopterans" (Wikipedia, 2007). This particular order has more than 180,000 species in 128 families and 47 superfamilies. Lepidopterans undergo a complete and full metamorphosis, as they go through a four-stage life cycle of egg: larva/caterpillar - pupa/chrysalis - imago/adult. When we look at the anurans, which are considered as being the most successful and diverse of the amphibians and anura is considered as being an order of animals in the class amphibian, and this includes both frogs and toads. At the present time in the world there are about 5,280 species that are considered as being in this order, and those that are living are divided into three particular suborders, which are: Archaeobatrachia, Mesobatrachia and Neobatrachia. In regards to the metamorphosis process of the anurans, the beginning is the larval stage, where it is a tadpole, and after a certain period of growth, the tadpole undergoes metamorphosis, in which the tail is lost and limbs appear.

How museums institutions shape the art world and in turn, how art and Research Paper

How museums institutions shape the art world and in turn, how art and artists have critiqued and sometimes transformed these institutions - Research Paper Example t goes back to the early 1866 in Paris when a group of Americans decided to create an institution and gallery of art so that the art and art education could reach to the people of America. The New York State Legislation then incorporated the Metropolitan Museum of Art with the Incorporation Act in 1870. The purpose of this act was to allow the Metropolitan Museum to serve as a Museum and Art Library in the city and further encourage and develop the study of fine arts and the application of arts in advancing the general knowledge. Eastman Johnson was the artist who acted as the co-founder of the museum, and the former Civil War Officer was the first director under the guidance of whom the holdings of the museum consisted of a roman stone sarcophagus and 174 European paintings. Since its formation, Metropolitan Museum of Art had many additions to its outside view and the building. It also had many additions in its collection of Art works, and is now holding some of America’s best art contributions. There are seventeen separate departments for the collections in Metropolitan. Each of the departments has specialised staff and a department of scientific research and conservation. The permanent collection that the museum holds includes paintings and sculptures of almost all the European masters, American and modern art, and also holding of the African, Asian, Oceanic, Islamic and Byzantine Art. Furthermore, the museum also has a collection of musical instruments and weapons from all around the world. The museum holds more than 13,000 artworks currently. Despite the controversies in 2009 related to the book Rogue’s Gallery by the journalist Michael Gross, and the criticisms that the museum faced, they plan to expand their collections and area in the future. The Metropolitan Museum of Art works under the policies of the State and acquires the world-class paintings. They have acquired artworks that hold immense value and have added to the contribution of promoting

Hugos Presidency in Venezuela Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hugos Presidency in Venezuela - Essay Example Hugo embarked on a nationwide campaign for the presidency on a platform of Bolivarianism. His beliefs included Venezuelan sovereignty, anti-imperialism, populist democracy, mass participation in the government, strong nationalism and economic self sufficiency. Hugo strongly believed that the revenues from oil sales had to be distributed equally in Venezuela. He later won the election becoming Venezuela’s fifty third president. In 2006, Hugo was re-elected as Venezuela’s president upon which he made an announcement that he will make radical changes within the country. Some of his radical changes were characteristic of authoritarianism and dictatorship. Chavez withdrew from the IMF, cracked down on all television stations that were critical on him and nationalized electrical companies. He closed 32 radio stations that were privately owned. He went ahead to propose a law that would punish media crimes. Chavez was clearly moving to silence all of his critics. He accused the stations of supporting the 2002 coup against his government. He even denied a certain broadcaster a chance to renew its license claiming that the broadcaster was supporting the opposition (CNN World). Worse still, he proposed a referendum that would see introduction of certain constitutional changes that remove term limits and centralized power in the presidency (New York Times). Despite the problems of electricity shortages and a recessing economy, Chavez still uses certain tactics to consolidate power. He makes use of tactics like expropriation of his supporters’ businesses and conducting secret police raids. He makes use of military loyalists to execute his orders. His allies had successfully controlled the National Assembly since the year 2005 after the opposition boycotted legislative elections in the same year (New York Times). Despite these actions, Chavez continues to enjoy great support from the poor who feel that they are better of with Chavez as the president. Chavez distributed the revenues from oil equitably across the nation thereby improving the poor Venezuelans quality of life. Chavez, upon becoming the president in 1998 fired the management of the oil company (state owned) something that angered the middleclass. This resulted in an attempted coup in 2002 that failed (New York Times). Hugo has been the focus of criticism by the West for his action to support the Syrian president (Mr. Assad) by supplying him with oil. Mr. Assad had taken action against an uprising in Syria. This resulted in mass murders and multiple violations of human rights. The UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) had widely condemned President Assad for violating human rights, mass murders of children women and torture. Chavez’s choice to support Assad was widely viewed as supporting terrorist activities and was highly controversial (New York Times). Chavez had earlier supported Iran’s President (Mr. Mahmoud) who had ridiculed claims by the West that his country (Iran) was seeking to acquire the ability to make nuclear weapons. Despite the wide condemnation that Muammar president of Libya faced due to his strike back against an uprising in his country, Chavez went ahead and forged close economic and political ties with Libya. Chavez overtime according to a 2009 poll that consisted of a large number of Arab countries, he was the most popular and famous leader both by margin and fear. Chavez had courted almost any