The Little Prince Essay -- Art Literature Papers

The exact PrinceIn Art as Technique Russian formalist Viktor Shklovsky introduces defamiliarisation as a literary device to back up readers regain our sensation of things, which we take over become unaw ar of, as our perception gets automatised through habitualisation (Shklovsky, 20). Shklovsky then goes on to engage in a discussion of the methodologies employ in creating the effect of defamiliarisation, treating defamiliarisation as purely a technique of art. However this may be an oversimplification of the concept of defamiliarisation, which is based upon certain principles of perception, and perception is in turn a exchange component of cordial cognition. Hence, it is the aim of this paper to explore the relations between the effect of defamiliarisation and the social cognitive elements of perception. Through the implement of Antoine de Saint-Exuprys The lesser Prince, the defamiliarisation effect lav be explained by the non-conformation of its elements of discourse, name ly genre, character filter, social setting and the use of poetic language, to the cognitive structures of prototypes, schemas and heuristics held by the adult reader. For those who are unfamiliar with the story of The Little Prince, this narrative depicts the adventures of a little prince from a distant star as he embarks on a journey to half-dozen other planets. He finds, quarantined on each planet, a king with only a rat as his subject, a conceited man, a drinker, a business man who experience stars, a lamplighter forever lighting and extinguishing a single street lamp, and a geographer who does non explore his own planet. finally the little prince makes his way to Earth, where he meets a fox and learns to tame it. Upon roaming about the desert, the little prince chances upon ... ...ation, however, is that it is subjective, depending on the type of reader of the narrative, as well as the social context which the reader is socialized into. Hence, while The Little Prince is a ble to create a defamiliarising effect on its adult readers, it may or may not be able to defamiliarise its children readers utilise the same elements of discourse. Works CitedHoward, Judith A. Social Cognition. Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology. Massachussetts Allyn & Bacon. 1995. 90-117.Neale, Stephen. Expectation and Verisimilitude. Excerpted from Questions of Genre. Film Genre commentator II. Ed. Barry Keith Grant. Austin U of Texas P. 1995. 159-183.Saint-Exupry, de Antoine. The Little Prince. London Penguin, 1998.Shklovsky, Victor. Art as Technique. Modern Criticism and Theory A Reader. Ed. David Lodge. Harlow Longman, 1988. 15-30. The Little Prince Essay -- Art literary works PapersThe Little PrinceIn Art as Technique Russian formalist Viktor Shklovsky introduces defamiliarisation as a literary device to help readers regain our sensation of things, which we have become unaware of, as our perception gets automatised through habitualisation (Shklo vsky, 20). Shklovsky then goes on to engage in a discussion of the methodologies employed in creating the effect of defamiliarisation, treating defamiliarisation as purely a technique of art. However this may be an oversimplification of the concept of defamiliarisation, which is based upon certain principles of perception, and perception is in turn a central component of social cognition. Hence, it is the aim of this paper to explore the relations between the effect of defamiliarisation and the social cognitive elements of perception. Through the use of Antoine de Saint-Exuprys The Little Prince, the defamiliarisation effect can be explained by the non-conformation of its elements of discourse, namely genre, character filter, social setting and the use of poetic language, to the cognitive structures of prototypes, schemas and heuristics held by the adult reader. For those who are unfamiliar with the story of The Little Prince, this narrative depicts the adventures of a little prince from a distant star as he embarks on a journey to six other planets. He finds, isolated on each planet, a king with only a rat as his subject, a conceited man, a drinker, a business man who own stars, a lamplighter forever lighting and extinguishing a single street lamp, and a geographer who does not explore his own planet. Finally the little prince makes his way to Earth, where he meets a fox and learns to tame it. Upon roaming about the desert, the little prince chances upon ... ...ation, however, is that it is subjective, depending on the type of reader of the narrative, as well as the social context which the reader is socialised into. Hence, while The Little Prince is able to create a defamiliarising effect on its adult readers, it may or may not be able to defamiliarise its children readers using the same elements of discourse. Works CitedHoward, Judith A. Social Cognition. Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology. Massachussetts Allyn & Bacon. 1995. 90-117.Neale, Step hen. Expectation and Verisimilitude. Excerpted from Questions of Genre. Film Genre Reader II. Ed. Barry Keith Grant. Austin U of Texas P. 1995. 159-183.Saint-Exupry, de Antoine. The Little Prince. London Penguin, 1998.Shklovsky, Victor. Art as Technique. Modern Criticism and Theory A Reader. Ed. David Lodge. Harlow Longman, 1988. 15-30.

Substance Abuse in the Workplace Essay -- Illegal Drugs Alcohol Addict

Substance twist around in the WorkplaceSubstance abuse in the employment is one of the top concerns in the UnitedStates today. Studies depict that 73 percent of drug users are employed, costingAmeri evict businesses billions of dollars annually in lost production and staffing costs(Walsh). Due to higher employment evaluate and rising substance abuse, the chancesthat your organization employs one of these 8.1 million workers is greater today than ithas been in the past several years (Walsh). Studies also reveal that employees whoabuse drugs nurse a tremendously harmful effect on the workplace. They are morelikely to have extended absences from work, show up late, be involved in workplaceaccidents, and file workers compensation claims. Substance abuse includes anythingfrom drug use, such as cocaine and heroin, to alcohol abuse. Before I start to discuss the different ways to get control of substance abuse Iwould like to give you a small background of the impact of substance abuse on theworld today. The department of labor has gathered some of the following informationand statistics to show the world how it is being affected Substance abuse in the workplace costs are estimated at $100 billion dollars annually. Alcoholism causes 500 million lost work days each year. Drug-using employees at GM total 40 days of sick leave each year compared to 4.5 days for non-users. In Ohio substance abuse treatment has shown significant improvements - 91% decrease in absenteeism. - 88% decrease in problems with supervisors. - 93% decrease in mistakes in work. - 97% decrease in on-the-job injuries.Page 2As you can see substance abuse is a very ser... ... the warning signs and implement a policy to attack theproblem. Most likely it is going on even out under your nose and you do not even know it.Take the time to step back and help your employees, the people that really make adifference to your company. You never know it might save you money. Bibliography Works CitedCampbell, Reginald L. Substance Abuse in the Workplace. new-made York Mcgraw Hill,1990. Harris, Michael. Human Resource Managment A practical Approach. New YorkDryden Press, 1997. Largent, Richard J. Preventing Substance Abuse in the Workplace. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996.Loomis, Loyd. Drug Testing A Workplace Guide to Designing Practical Policies.Chicago BNA Plus, 1990.Walsh, Michael J. Drug and Alcohol Abuse in the Workplace. New York TargetInvestment Inc., 1996.

The Blood is on Our Hands Essay -- Essays Papers

The Blood is on Our HandsThe two main tribes that occupy the vast land of Rwanda, Africa are the Tutsi and Hutu tribes. According to David Rieff, reference of Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century, Rwanda gained its independence from France a little over forty years ago and the territory has been involved in or been on the verge of a civil war between the two tribes ever since. During most of the colonial period the Tutsis had ascendancy because of the influence of the Banzugu, the white French man. The Banzugu plainly occupied about unrivaled percent of the population but they obtained most of the material wealth within Rwanda. The Banzugu separated the Hutus from the Tutsis socially based on there physical features. The Tutsis were thought to be the superior tribe because of their non-African appearance, pale skin and their aquiline noses. Since the beginning of their tribal existence the two tribes have lived next to one another, believed in the same religion an d spoke the same language. After Rwanda gained its independence from France the Tutsis held the majority of the power and authority. The Tutsis only held the control for a short period of epoch before the Hutus took control. When the Hutus took control many Tutsis fled Rwanda in fear of their lives or stayed and were murdered (1-2). This was just a preview of the rage to come in April of 1994. About golf club months before the massacre broke out the governments involved in the peacekeeping agreement signed what was called the Arusha Accords. This treaty was to be an international agreement to help control the constant battling between the Hutus and the Tutsis. On August 4, 1993 only five short days before the funding to the Rwandan government was revoked, Presi... ...f 1994 in Rwanda in the amount of cadence it would have taken you to read this paper over fifty-five innocent people would have been put to deathWorks CitedBurkhalter, Holly J. The Question of Genocide The Clinton cheek and Rwanda. World Policy Journal 11.4 (1994) 44-55.Byrne, Louise. Doctors Battle to Contain Cholera in Rwandan Camps. British Medical Journal 309 (1994) 289Des Forges, Alison, et al. Leave None to Tell the horizontal surface Genocide in Rwanda. New York International, 1999.Gourevitch, Philip. We Wish to Inform You that Tomorrow We Will be Killed with Our Families Stories from Rwanda. New York Farrar, 1998.Ignatieff, Michael. The Next Presidents Duty to Intervene. New York measure 13 Feb.2000, late ed., sec. 4 17.Rieff, David. Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. The New Republic 214 (1996) 27-37.